"The Camera".

The camera obscura effect was achieved by being in a completely dark room and having one whole in a wall , a light would be focused through it and you would see the image upside down on the opposite wall .

During the 17th century, Isaac Newton and Christian Huygens , perfected the understanding of optics and the process of making better glass lenses . 

The parts of the first modern camera created by Niepce, were film, a dark box and a glass lens . 

Modern day cameras are like the old ones in that the light still passes through the lens into the camera and exposes the film .

Digital cameras use an electronic sensor, called a CCD to capture an image. 

The difference between auto and program modes is that for auto, your camera will control flash and exposure , on program you control flash and exposure along with some other settings. 

Portrait mode is used for blurring out the background as to focus more on the center of the picture. It blurs the background , by using the fastest available lens setting. 

The sports mode is used for sports or anytime your trying to capture a frozen sort of looking picture. It works by using the highest shutter speed possible. 

You should do a half press on the shutter because, it allows you to see the picture in focus before you take it. 

This symbol tells you that you have the no flash mode on. You might use it when it's really bright out  

or when you just don't want a flash on the picture you're taking.

This symbol means your in auto flash mode the camera will automatically flash whenever it thinks you don't have enough light, you'd probably use it in a regular picture , or if you didn't know whether you needed a flash or not.

If there is too much light in your photo, it will look washed out .

If there is not enough light your picture will be too dark.

A stop is a measurement of relative light .

If there were two suns instead of one like earth, it'd be one stop brighter .

The new planet would be two stops brighter if it had four suns instead of two . 

A longer shutter speed gives a lot of light .

A shorter shutter speed give less light .

The aperture controls how much light comes in , making it wider causes more light to come through , & smaller means less .

If you want to adjust the aperture , just balance it out by doing the opposite of what you just did , giving or taking , with the same number of stops .